tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75931956166265344882024-03-13T11:25:02.249-07:00Tata SuhartaSemua tentang Pembelajaran Fisikacikgufisika.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18366912494098516121noreply@blogger.comBlogger12125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7593195616626534488.post-43556647009388255242018-11-13T20:57:00.000-08:002018-11-13T21:00:18.698-08:00MATERI PENGUKURAN<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-7330289131805271207" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;">
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">PENGUKURAN<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Fisika adalah cabang ilmu pengetahuan yang mempelajari gejala-gejala alam, khususnya interaksi antara materi (zat) dan energi. Gejala-gejala alam dan interaksi yang bisa diungkapkan biasanya dapat pula dirumuskan dalam besaran-besaran fisika. Diantara besaran-besaran fisika tersebut terdapat besaran-besaran yang dapat diukur secara langsung. Oleh karena itu, pengukuran merupakan satu bagian penting dalam fisika.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Fisika diawali dengan mengamati alam. Tetapi, hanya duduk dan menyaksikan gejala alam, tidaklah cukup. Pengamatan gejala alam harus disertai dengan data kuantitatif yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran. Lord Kelvin, seorang fisikawan, berkata “Bila kita dapat mengukur apa yang sedang kita bicarakan dan menyatakan dengan angka-angka berarti kita mengetahui apa yang sedang kita bicarakan iti”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">A.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Pengukuran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Alat Ukur Panjang dan Ketelitiannya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Mistar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="fontstyle01"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Pada umumnya, mistar sebagai alat ukur panjang memiliki dua skala ukuran, yaitu skala utama dan skala terkecil. Satuan untuk skala utama adalah sentimeter (cm) dan satuan untuk skala terkecil adalah milimeter (mm). Skala terkecil pada mistar memiliki nilai 1 milimeter. </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 14.7pt;">Jarak antara skala utama adalah 1 cm. Di antara skala utama</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">terdapat 10 bagian skala terkecil sehingga satu skala terkecil memiliki nilai 1/10</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> cm <span class="fontstyle01"><span style="line-height: 24px;">= 0,1 cm atau 1 mm. Mistar memiliki ketelitian atau ketidakpastian pengukuran sebesar 0,5 mm atau 0,05 cm, akni setengah dari nilai skala terkecil yang dimiliki oleh mistar tersebut. Selain skala sentimeter (cm), terdapat juga skala lainnya pada mistar ukur. Tahukah Anda mengenai skala tersebut? Kapankah skala tersebut digunakan?<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="fontstyle01"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Jangka Sorong<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="fontstyle01"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Pernahkah Anda melihat atau menggunakan alat ukur yang memiliki skala nonius? Salah satu alat ukur ini adalah jangka sorong. Anda dapat menggunakan alat ukur ini untuk mengukur diameter dalam, diameter luar, serta kedalaman suatu benda yang akan diukur.</span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="fontstyle01"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Jangka sorong merupakan alat ukur panjang yang terdiri atas skala utama, skala nonius, rahang pengatur garis tengah dalam, rahang pengatur garis tengah luar, dan pengukur kedalaman. Rahang pengatur garis tengahdalam dapat digunakan untuk mengukur diameter bagian dalam sebuah benda. Adapun rahang pengatur garis tengah bagian luar dapat digunakan untuk mengukur diameter bagian luar sebuah benda.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Sepuluh skala utama memiliki panjang 1 cm, sedangkan 10 skala nonius memiliki panjang 0,9 cm. Beda satu skala nonius dengan satu skala utama adalah 0,1 cm-0,09 cm = 0,01 cm atau 0,1 mm. Jadi, skala terkecil jangka sorong adalah 0,01 cm atau 0,1 mm. Ketelitian jangka sorong adalah setengah dari skala terkecilnya. Jadi, ketelitian jangka sorong adalah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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1/2 <i>x 0,1 mm = 0,05 mm</i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Dengan ketelitian 0,1 mm, jangka sorong dapat anda gunakan untuk mengukur diameter kelereng atau tebal keping logam dengan lebih teliti. Dapatkah anda mengukur lebar selembar kertas menggunakan jangka sorong dengan teliti(akurat)?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">c.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Mikrometer sekrup</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZoUN9QD5JmCpggeXO6b1Dgi2DlWtMwiJIYw4_Qhu8xT-RT4Wend3zzwJ1kmWSh_qc0MSSSPQe3LPu28C-Le-mKpzLHkOTdPIwpm7jGRP_qsdoL8dmn4hWk8zEfKcLKrvknyV1_84_Eg/s1600/Capture.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="345" data-original-width="742" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZoUN9QD5JmCpggeXO6b1Dgi2DlWtMwiJIYw4_Qhu8xT-RT4Wend3zzwJ1kmWSh_qc0MSSSPQe3LPu28C-Le-mKpzLHkOTdPIwpm7jGRP_qsdoL8dmn4hWk8zEfKcLKrvknyV1_84_Eg/s320/Capture.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Gambar 1. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">3</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Mikrometer Sekrup</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Bagian-bagian dari mikrometer sekrup dapat anda lihat pada Gambar 1.3 di atas. M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">ikrometer ini dapat digunakan untuk mengukur</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">ketebalan benda-benda yang tipis seperti kertas dan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">rambut. Hal ini sesuai dengan sifat mikrometer yang<br />memiliki ketelitian lebih besar dari jangka sorong. Mikrometer memiliki ketelitian</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> h</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">ingga 0,01 mm. Ketelitian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">ini dirancang dari rahang putar yang memuat 50 skala</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Hasil pengukurannya juga memiliki angka pasti</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">dan angka taksiran seperti jangka</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">orong. Rumusnya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">sebagai berikut.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">x </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">= (<i>x</i>0 + Δ<i>x </i>. 0,01) mm</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">dengan :</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">x</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">= </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">hasil pengukuran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">x</span></i><sub><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">0</span></sub><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">=</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">skala utama sebelum batas rahang putar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Δ<i>x</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">=</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">skala nonius yang segaris dengan garis</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">tengah skala utama</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Alat Ukur Massa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kalian tentu sudah tidak asing lagi dengan pengukur massa. Setiap saat kalian perlu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">menimbang massa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">kalian untuk data tertentu. Alat pengukur itu dikenal<br />dengan nama <i>neraca</i>. Namun beberapa neraca yang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">digunakan sering dinamakan<i>timbangan.</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Gambar 1. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">4</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> (a) Neraca Pegas, (b) Neraca Ohauss</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Pada <i>Gambar</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">1.</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">4</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">diperlihatkan berbagai jenis neraca ; neraca badan,<br />neraca pegas, neraca <i>O’hauss </i>dan neraca <i>analitis</i>. Neraca</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">badan memiliki skala terkecil 1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">kg, neraca pegas 1 gr,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">neraca O’hauss 0,1 gr sedangkan neraca analitis hingga<br />1 mg.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Neraca yang sering digunakan di laboratorium</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">adalah neraca O’hauss. Hasil pengukuran dengan neraca</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">sesuai dengan jumlah pembanding yang digunakan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Alat Ukur Waktu dan Ketelitiannya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Dalam setiap aktivitas, kita selalu menggunakan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">batasan waktu. Contohnya proses belajar mengajar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">fisika, waktunya 90 menit. Istirahat sekolah 30 menit.<br />Batasan-batasan waktu ini biasanya digunakan jam biasa.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Bagaimana jika batasan waktunya singkat (dalam detik)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">seperti mengukur periode ayunan? Untuk kejadian ini<br />dapat digunakan pengukur waktu yang dapat dikendalikan yaitu <i>stop watch</i>. Perhatikan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Gambar 1.</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">5</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDDn8vBXDQZWLmkoPG4ssicQ9_X6BjqUe0Bam8jvQ9JLmnocIZT0PJURehZKMtmL7-olnr6zsGODddbuxyYc4lysA3jxJTfYYhcyCnDwjTAhPluwgKmoi2GE51XrNYnz64Onu6UQDQ5w/s1600/3.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDDn8vBXDQZWLmkoPG4ssicQ9_X6BjqUe0Bam8jvQ9JLmnocIZT0PJURehZKMtmL7-olnr6zsGODddbuxyYc4lysA3jxJTfYYhcyCnDwjTAhPluwgKmoi2GE51XrNYnz64Onu6UQDQ5w/s1600/3.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Gambar 1. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">5</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Stopwacth</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Ada beberapa jenis stopwatch, ada yang manual dan ada</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">yang digital.<br />Hasil pembacaan stopwatch digital dapat langsung</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">terbaca nilainya. Untuk stopwatch yang menggunakan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">jarum, maka pembacanya sesuai dengan penunjukkan<br />jarum. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Pada stopwacth analog seperti pada Gambar 1.5, jarak antara dua gores panjang yang ada angkanya 2s. Jarak itu dibagi 20. Dengan demikian, skala terkecilnya adalah 2/20 s = 0,1 sekon</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">. Ketelitian stopwacth tersebut adalah 1/2 <i>skala terkecil </i>= 1/2 <i>x 0,1 s = 0,05 sekon</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Ketidakpastian pada Pengukuran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kesalahan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Hasil pengukuran tidak ada yang eksak, selalu mengandung kesalahan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kesalahan-kesalahan ini tidak mungkin dihilangkan, tetapi kesalahan dalam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">pengukuran dapat diminimalkan. Kesalahan yang terjadi dalam pengukuran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">dapat dikelompokkan sebagai berikut.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">1)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kesalahan umum (keteledoran)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Keteledoran umumnya disebabkan oleh keterbatasan pengamat, di antaranya kekurangterampilan memakai alat ukur, terutama untuk alat ukur canggih yang melibatkan banyak komponen yang harus di atur, atau kekeliruan dalam melakukan pembacaan skala terkecil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kesalahan acak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Kesalahan acak disebabkan adanya fluktuasi-fluktuasi yang halus pada kondisi-kondisi pengukuran. Fluktuasi-fluktuasi halus dapat disebabkan oleh gerak Brown molekul udara, fluktuasi tegangan listrik PLN atau baterai, landasan yang bergetar, dan bising. Kesalahan acak tidak dapat dihilangkan, tetapi dapat dikurangi, dengan mengambil rata-rata dari semua bacaan hasil pengukuran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">3)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kesalahan sistematis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kesalahan sistematik adalah kesalahan yang tetap terjadi. Faktor yang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">menyebabkan terjadinya kesalahan sistematik sebagai berikut.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">a)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Kesalahan alat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kesalahan kalibrasi alat dan interaksi alat dengan lingkungan.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">b)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kesalahan </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">arah pandang. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Jika pada saat membaca skala mata tidak tegak lurus dengan skala yang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">dibaca, hasil pembacaan mengandung kesalahan paralaks.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">c)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kondisi percobaan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kondisi percobaan tidak sama dengan kondisi saat alat di kalibrasi.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">d)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Teknik yang kurang sempurna</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Teknologi atau langkah percobaan terlalu sederhana, sehingga banyak factor</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">yang mempengaruhi percobaan tidak terukur</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Melaporkan Hasil Pengukuran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Dengan melakukan pengukuran suatu besaran secara langsung, misalnya mengukur panjang pensil dengan mistar atau diameter kelereng dengan mikrometer sekrup, anda tidak mungkin memperoleh nilai x<sub>0</sub>.bagaimana anda melaporkan hasil pengukuran suatu besaran?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Hasil pengukuran suatu besaran dilaporkan sebagai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Dengan x adalah nilai pendekatan terhadap nilai benar pengukuran awal</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> dan delta<i>x</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> adalah ketidakpastiannya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Bagaimana menentukan nilai benar delta <i>x</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> dan ketidakpastiannya? Ini ternyata bergantung pada cara anda melakukan pengukuran, yaitu pengukuran tunggal atau pengukuran berulang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">1) pengukuran tunggal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">a)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Pengukuran tunggal menggunakan mistar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Seperti yang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya, ketelitian pengukuran mistar adalah 0,5 mm. Setiap pengukuran selalu disertai dengan ketidakpastian sehingga nilai ini selalu diikutsertakan dalam hasil pengukuran. Misalkan, hasil pengukuran adalah 2,1 cm. Oleh karena ketidakpastian memiliki nilai dua angka di belakang koma, yakni 0,05 cm maka hasil pengukuran ditulis pula dalam dua angka di belakang koma sehingga menjadi 2,10 cm. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Panjang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">pengukuran dapat dituliskan menjadi:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">x</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> <i><span lang="EN-US">= x</span></i></span><i><sub><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">0</span></sub></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> + </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; position: relative; top: 4pt;"><img height="20" src="file:///C:/Users/NURULH~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px;" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="10" /></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">x</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">maka,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">x</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> = 2,10 cm + 0,05 cm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Variabel <i>x </i>adalah nilai hasil pengukuran, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; position: relative; top: 4pt;"><img height="20" src="file:///C:/Users/NURULH~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px;" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="10" /></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">x </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">nilai ketidakpastian, dan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">x </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">adalah nilai panjang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">pengukuran. Hasil pengukuran tersebut dapat diartikan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">bahwa panjang hasil pengukuran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">berada di antara 2,05 cm dan 2,15 cm.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Secara matematis, dapat dituliskan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">ukur.<br />2,05 cm < <i>x</i>0 < 2,15 cm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">dengan </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">x<sub>0</sub> adalah </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">panjang hasil pengukuran.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">b)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Pengukuran tunggal menggunakan jangka sorong.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Anda telah mempelajari pengukuran tunggal menggunakan mistar.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Sekarang, Anda akan belajar bagaimana melakukan pengukuran tunggal</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">menggunakan jangka sorong.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYULSxFj-JnHSNnXos4hUP3k5YkEzdQMpzIMX_XpcECA6ajkAn8LcYuj_iZIDrkj51Ned1ALI9EAUIn2rE8btAAB9GCNKMmBylXS06QEsn6YqMZko0s6hMSuxDbcmZpXaqC33vLwqVFw/s1600/9.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="246" data-original-width="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYULSxFj-JnHSNnXos4hUP3k5YkEzdQMpzIMX_XpcECA6ajkAn8LcYuj_iZIDrkj51Ned1ALI9EAUIn2rE8btAAB9GCNKMmBylXS06QEsn6YqMZko0s6hMSuxDbcmZpXaqC33vLwqVFw/s1600/9.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Gambar 1. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">6</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Perhatikan Gambar 1.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">6</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">. Hasil pengukuran panjang sebuah logam yang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">terbaca pada skala utama, yakni berada di antara 2,3 cm dan 2,4 cm. Nilai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">ini didapat dari pembacaan posisi nilai nol pada skala nonius yang berada</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">di antara nilai 2,3 cm dan 2,4 cm pada skala utama. Perhatikan skala nonius</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">pada Gambar 1.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">6</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">. Skala atau garis ke-12 pada skala nonius berhimpit dengan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">skala atau garis pada skala utama, yakni pada nilai 4,7 cm. Oleh karena nilai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">terkecil dari skala nonius adalah 0,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> mm atau 0,0</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> cm, penulisan panjang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">logam menjadi 2,3 cm + (12 × 0,0</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> cm) = </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">2,41 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">cm.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Seperti yang Anda ketahui bahwa setiap alat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">ukur memiliki nilai tingkat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">ketelitian atau ketidakpastian. Nilai ketelitian yang dimiliki oleh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">jangka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">sorong adalah setengah dari nilai skala terkecil, yakni 0,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">05</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">mm atau 0,0</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">05</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> cm.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Seperti halnya pengukuran tunggal menggunakan mistar, nilai di belakang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">koma pada nilai ketelitian harus sama dengan nilai di belakang koma pada</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">nilai hasil</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">pengukuran. Panjang hasil pengukuran secara matematis dapat ditulis:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">x</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> <i><span lang="EN-US">= </span></i><span lang="EN-US">(2,</span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">41</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> + 0,00</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">) cm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">= 2,415 cm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">c)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Pengukuran tunggal menggunakan mikrometer ulir (sekrup)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Pada Gambar 1.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">7</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">terlihat nilai skala utama yang terbaca dari hasil</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">pengukuran panjang dari benda adalah 5 mm. Nilai skala utama yang terbaca</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">tersebut diperoleh dari nilai yang berhimpit dengan selubung bagian luar.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Skala nonius yang berhimpit dengan sumbu utama</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">pada skala utama menunjukkan nilai nonius yang terbaca, yakni bagian skala ke-45.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Oleh karena nilai terkecil yang dimiliki mikrometer ulir pada skala nonius adalah 0,01 mm, nilai yang terbaca pada skala nonius menjadi 0,45 mm dan panjang benda menjadi 5 mm + 0,45 mm = 5,45 mm. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Nilai ketelitian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">yang dimiliki mikrometer ulir (sekrup) adalah 0,005 mm, yakni setengah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">dari skala terkecil yang dimiliki skala nonius pada mikrometer ulir. Nilai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">ketelitian mikrometer ulir memiliki tiga nilai di belakang koma sehingga</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">nilai pengukurannya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">harus ditulis 5,450 mm dan panjang pengukuran adalah</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">x</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> = (5,450 mm + 0,005 mm)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">dan secara matematis, dapat ditulis</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">5,345 mm < </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">x</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">0 < 5,455 mm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Setelah Anda memahami mengenai pengukuran tunggal pada mistar,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">jangka sorong, dan mikrometer sekrup, bagaimanakah caranya jika Anda</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">melakukan pengukuran tunggal dengan menggunakan <i>stopwatch </i>dan neraca?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Coba diskusikan bersama teman dan guru Anda.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Pengukuran Berulang</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Setelah Anda mempelajari pengukuran tunggal, sekarang Anda akan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">belajar pengukuran berulang. Pengukuran berulang adalah pengukuran yang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">dilakukan tidak hanya sekali, melainkan berulang-ulang supaya mendapatkan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">ketelitian yang maksimal dan akurat. Pengukuran berulang digunakan ketika</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">dalam proses mengukur, Anda mendapatkan hasil yang berbeda-beda dari</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">segi pandang, baik dari segi pengamat (pengukur) maupun dari segi objek</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">yang diukur. Ketika Anda melakukan pengukuran tunggal, ketelitian atau</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">ketidakpastian yang diperoleh adalah setengah dari skala terkecil. Dalam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">pengukuran berulang, pernyataan ini tidak berlaku melainkan menggunakan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">simpangan baku (<i>Sx</i>).</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Hasil pengukuran panjang suatu benda dapat berbeda-beda jika dilakukan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">berulang-ulang.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Laporan hasil pengukurannya berupa rata-rata nilai hasil</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">pengukuran dengan ketidakpastian yang sama dengan simpangan bakunya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Sebagai contoh, hasil pengukuran panjang sebuah benda sebanyak <i>n </i>kali</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">adalah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> pengukuran pertama, kedua dst</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">. Nilai rata-ratanya yaitu:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeQqjY2HD0PEUNR8nUNXfR3JAt_X2dzyraHCeeOCvcSCb3usvYeTvGyPR5VbAhKndda9uFQjPjQYXRarfR1FkkuwyKH3hPDg9YteXJ9uDCkE3_LHxa-q9xG87C6BbiWpHIu5uXo_g0RA/s1600/10.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="62" data-original-width="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeQqjY2HD0PEUNR8nUNXfR3JAt_X2dzyraHCeeOCvcSCb3usvYeTvGyPR5VbAhKndda9uFQjPjQYXRarfR1FkkuwyKH3hPDg9YteXJ9uDCkE3_LHxa-q9xG87C6BbiWpHIu5uXo_g0RA/s1600/10.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">dengan <i>n </i>adalah jumlah data yang diukur dan <i>x </i>adalah nilai rata-rata hasil</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">pengukuran. Simpangan bakunya dapat ditulis sebagai berikut.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMZOEtTGgoy88Dkhb4nrxE1CDKF5BDlpZuA9RUa2Y20No7e3jugR3Fh3rggVAczfn4RI1cm6Xbx_VEar5dSRMvVwyOKHg-60TOeBbA4QvT1eCf8_dhbJ-eQk0LkG2XSQgqpHizOyDKRQ/s1600/11.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="76" data-original-width="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMZOEtTGgoy88Dkhb4nrxE1CDKF5BDlpZuA9RUa2Y20No7e3jugR3Fh3rggVAczfn4RI1cm6Xbx_VEar5dSRMvVwyOKHg-60TOeBbA4QvT1eCf8_dhbJ-eQk0LkG2XSQgqpHizOyDKRQ/s1600/11.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Oleh karena itu, hasil pengukuran dapat ditulis menjadi</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyCvYL4BQ0Ji7uqHZZRIRbPjS_OamrWSh5SiTfqRFB4gbKsjMxMghFW3juf7TqqYDIY3mE8bcY5j_fpNFmaQ1TplZ0rVoyta6qDJlt0TVP34BaJ1bnBiYYwVF7r-CUs7HKV5fiXfaMIQ/s1600/12.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="35" data-original-width="114" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyCvYL4BQ0Ji7uqHZZRIRbPjS_OamrWSh5SiTfqRFB4gbKsjMxMghFW3juf7TqqYDIY3mE8bcY5j_fpNFmaQ1TplZ0rVoyta6qDJlt0TVP34BaJ1bnBiYYwVF7r-CUs7HKV5fiXfaMIQ/s1600/12.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Ketidakpastian pengukuran berulang sering dinyatakan dalam persen</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">atau disebut ketidakpastian relatif. Secara matematis dituliskan sebagai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">beriku</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">t.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGF_O4Hniyjtk-OVnbYeqeWi93vlXS6njztTNVwxQQlbzCdqHKPep7nsvqV5qo5Rtv_f_3zVn9TtJCDPGw6vGo38Rn91nUOR_VOJomYOUppGpeOi-hmVQToXXwCluf_y6ObbgCRNu84g/s1600/13.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="65" data-original-width="317" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGF_O4Hniyjtk-OVnbYeqeWi93vlXS6njztTNVwxQQlbzCdqHKPep7nsvqV5qo5Rtv_f_3zVn9TtJCDPGw6vGo38Rn91nUOR_VOJomYOUppGpeOi-hmVQToXXwCluf_y6ObbgCRNu84g/s1600/13.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">delta <i>x</i> = ketidakpastian</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><i>x nol </i>= data hasil pengukuran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">5.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Besaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kalian telah belajar beberapa hal tentang pengukuran besaran, pengolahannya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">dan alat ukurannya, maka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">selanjutnya kalian perlu tahu tentang besaran dan hubungannya dengan satuan dan dimensinya. Dalam ilmu fisika</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">setiap besaran akan memiliki satuan-satuan tertentu.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Berdasarkan satuannya tersebut, besaran dibagi menjadi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">dua yaitu besaran pokok dan besaran turunan.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Besaran pokok </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">adalah besaran yang satuannya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">telah ditentukan terlebih dahulu. Satuan besaran-besaran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">itu telah ditentukan sebagai acuan dari satuan besaranbesaran lain. Sedangkan besaran turunan adalah besaran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">yang satuannya ditentukan dari penurunan satuan besaran-besaran pokok penyusunnya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Dalam ilmu fisika dikenal ada tujuh besaran pokok. Ketujuh besaran pokok,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">lambang dan satuannya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">dalam sistem Internasional (SI) dapat kalian lihat pada</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">tabel 1. Sistem Internasional adalah metode pemberian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">satuan yang berlaku secara internasional. Di</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Indonesia,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">sistem SI ini sesuai dengan sistem MKS (meter, kilogram, sekon).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Dalam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">sistem SI, satuan-satuan besaran pokok</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">telah dibuat suatu definisi standartnya sehingga secara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">universal memiliki besar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">yang sama.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Tabel </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Besaran pokok dan satuannya</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">No.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Besaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Lambang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Satuan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Panjang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">l<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Meter (m)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Massa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kilogram (kg)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Waktu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">t<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Sekon (s)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Suhu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">T<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kelvin (K)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kuat arus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Ampere (A)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Intensitas cahaya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">In<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Cendela (cd)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">7<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Jumlah zat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">n<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="fontstyle01"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Satuan standart dipilih yang dapat memenuhi persamaan umum dari sifat alam, misalnya satuan suhu K ( kelvin), ternyata satuan ini dapat memenuhi perumu</span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> san sifat umum gas. Sedangkan satuan suhu lain seperti derajat celcius, reamur dan fahrenheit harus diubah ke kelvin terlebih dahulu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Sudah tahukah kalian, ada berapa banyak besaran turunan? Jika kalian hitung maka jumlah besaran turunan akan terus berkembang sehingga jumlahnya cukup banyak. Semua besaran selain tujuh besaran pokok tersebut termasuk besaran turunan. Contohnya kecepatan, gaya, daya dan tekanan. Satuan besaran turunan dapat diturunkan dari satuan besaran pokok penyusunnya, tetapi banyak juga yang memiliki nama lain dari satuan-satuan tersebut.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">6.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Dimensi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8GcD6wfVRCR8gpc6cpWA2HlTDcSSlAkO0W8fGHSvl3UeTuRCm1pMLnemCDi2cIR2xU8OKwmgz3MGZ6_sw_buq5JqcQfN942jeXkSffD9A9gUx5xW2KG-E_NNKaXpdPWcK_CXKFVEOuw/s1600/14.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="141" data-original-width="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8GcD6wfVRCR8gpc6cpWA2HlTDcSSlAkO0W8fGHSvl3UeTuRCm1pMLnemCDi2cIR2xU8OKwmgz3MGZ6_sw_buq5JqcQfN942jeXkSffD9A9gUx5xW2KG-E_NNKaXpdPWcK_CXKFVEOuw/s1600/14.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 28.9pt;">Volume sebuah balok adalah hasil kali panjang, lebar, dan tingginya. Panjang lebar dan tinggi adalah besaran yang identik, yaitu ketiganya memiliki dimensi panjang. Oleh karena itu, dimensi volume adalah panjang</span><sup style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 28.9pt;">3</sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 28.9pt;">. Jadi dimensi suatu besaran menunjukkan cara besaran itu tersusun dari besaran-besaran pokok.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 47.95pt; width: 535px;"><tbody>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">BESARAN POKOK</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 28.8pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 28.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" valign="top" width="161"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Nama</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 28.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Satuan SI</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 28.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Lambang</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 28.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.45pt;" valign="top" width="119"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Dimensi</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 22.35pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 22.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">panjang</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 22.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" width="132"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">meter</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 22.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">m</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 22.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.45pt;" width="119"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">[L]</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 20.65pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 20.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Massa</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 20.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" width="132"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">kilogram</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 20.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">kg</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 20.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.45pt;" width="119"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">[M]</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 20.35pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 20.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Waktu</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 20.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" width="132"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">sekon</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 20.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">s</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 20.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.45pt;" width="119"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">[T]</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 18.65pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 18.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Suhu</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 18.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" width="132"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Kelvin</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 18.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">K</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 18.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.45pt;" width="119"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">[Ө]</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21.55pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 21.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">kuat arus listrik</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 21.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" width="132"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Ampere</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 21.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">A</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 21.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.45pt;" width="119"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">[I]</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 19.85pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 19.85pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">intensitas cahaya</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 19.85pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" width="132"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Candela</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 19.85pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">cd</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 19.85pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.45pt;" width="119"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">[J]</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 18.85pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 18.85pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">jumlah zat</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 18.85pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" width="132"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">mol</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 18.85pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">mol</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 18.85pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.45pt;" width="119"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">[N]</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Apakah manfaat analisis dimensi? Ada tiga manfaat analisis dimensi dalam fisika :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">(1)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Dapat digunakan untuk membuktikan dua besaran fisika setara atau tidak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">(2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Dapat digunakan untuk menentukan persamaan yang pasti salah atau mungkin benar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">(3)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan persamaan suatu besaran fisika jika kesebandingan besaran fisika tersebut terhadap besaran-besaran fisika lainnya diketahui.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 19.8px; margin-left: 39.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">7.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Angka Penting<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Angka penting adalah angka yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran yang terdiri atas angka pasti dan angka taksiran yang sesuai dengan tingkat ketelitian alat ukur yang digunakan. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Hasil pengukuran yang telah Anda lakukan dengan menggunakan alat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">ukur adalah nilai data hasil pengukuran. Nilai ini berupa angka-angka dan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">termasuk angka penting. Jadi, definisi dari angka penting adalah semua</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">angka yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran, termasuk angka terakhir yang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">ditaksir atau diragukan. Angka-angka penting ini terdiri atas angka-angka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">pasti dan satu angka taksiran yang sesuai dengan tingkat ketelitian alat ukur</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">yang digunakan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Semua angka-angka hasil pengukuran adalah bagian dari angka penting.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Namun, tidak semua angka hasil pengukuran merupakan angka penting.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Berikut ini merupakan aturan penulisan nilai dari hasil pengukuran.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Aturan Angka penting</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">1)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Semua angka bukan nol adalah angka penting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Angka nol yang terletak diantara angka bukan nol adalah angka penting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">3)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Untuk angka desimal kurang dari satu sebelum koma, angka nol sebelum dan sesudah koma <b>bukan </b>angka penting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">4)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Untuk angka desimal lebih dari atau sama dengan satu sebelum koma, angka nol sesudah koma termasuk angka penting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">5)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Angka nol yang terletak dibelakang angka bukan nol termasuk angka penting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">6)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Bilangan-bilangan puluhan, ratusan, ribuan dst. Yang memiliki angka-angka nol pada deretan akhir harus ditulis dalam notasi ilmiah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Berhitung dengan angka penting</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">1) Operasi Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Pada oprasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan hanya boleh mengandung satu angka taksiran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Banyaknya angka penting pada hasil pengukuran dan penjumlahan ditentukan oleh bilangan dengan angka yang paling sedikit dibelakang koma.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Isilah titik-titik di bawah ini dengan menggunakan aturan angka penting!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">a)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">468,395 – 415,21 = ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">b)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">273,12 + 15, 4 + 8, 23 = ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">c.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Operasi Perkalian dan Pembagian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Pada oprasi perkalian dan pembagian, hasilnya sama dengan jumlah angka penting paling sedikit pada salah satu bilangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Isilah titik-titik di bawah ini dengan menggunakan aturan angka penting!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">a)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">1,23 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; position: relative; top: 4pt;"><img height="20" src="file:///C:/Users/NURULH~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image041.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px;" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="11" /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> 2,5 = ...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">b)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">1,23 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; position: relative; top: 4pt;"><img height="20" src="file:///C:/Users/NURULH~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image043.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px;" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="12" /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> 2,5 = ...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">d.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Operasi Pemangkatan dan Penarikan Akar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Banyaknya angka penting hasil operasi sama dengan banyaknya angka penting bilangan yang dipangkatkan atau diakarkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">DAFTAR REFERENSI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Kanginan, Marthen. 2008. <i>Seribu Pena Fisika SMA Kelas XI</i>. Jakarta : Erlangga.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Kanginan, Marthen. 2013. <i>Fisika untuk SMA/MA Kelas X</i>. Cimahi : Erlangga.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Mariani, Widi. 2007.<i> Fisika untuk SMA/MA Kelas X</i>. Cimahi : Tropika.</span></div>
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cikgufisika.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18366912494098516121noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7593195616626534488.post-8076898550479237832013-01-29T07:13:00.003-08:002018-11-13T20:55:11.664-08:00PERCOBAAN LISTRIK VIRTUAL<h3 class="post-title entry-title">
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Pada kesempatan kali ini saya ingin berbagi aplikasi Fisika yang keren dan sangat berguna. Aplikasi ini disebut Virtual Electric. Dari namanya saja sudah jelas bahwa aplikasi ini berhubungan dengan kelistrikan.</div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijHtOhXFXRYhsBpN3dxW4RR8BrhyphenhyphennhTKCjpPJvhTq7FdS9J3hjaTKFfGZjShEapH-Ng5GKeL5ClpxaXu_MgKvYfbf7k0Om8ndgeSccxiCGAx1hPVv3j0iHTy8ZvTLOYFxRvyrGCt1isNJa/s1600/v-electric.png" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5656645096090952242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijHtOhXFXRYhsBpN3dxW4RR8BrhyphenhyphennhTKCjpPJvhTq7FdS9J3hjaTKFfGZjShEapH-Ng5GKeL5ClpxaXu_MgKvYfbf7k0Om8ndgeSccxiCGAx1hPVv3j0iHTy8ZvTLOYFxRvyrGCt1isNJa/s320/v-electric.png" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 240px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a><br />
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Gambar di atas merupakan screenshoot dari Virtual Electric. Dengan menggunakan virtual electric kita bisa membuat desain rangkaian listrik sebelum kita bekerja secara langsung di laboratorium. Pada dasarnya virtual electric merupakan simulasi rangkaian listrik yang menunjukkan kerja alat listrik yang kita rangkai dalam papan sirkuit. Dengan menganalisis simulasi rangkaian yang telah dibuat, kita bisa meminimalisir terjadinya kesalahan dan kerusakan pada peralatan. Lebih hebatnya lagi, aplikasi ini bersifat portable jadi tidak memberatkan kinerja komputer.<br />
Silakan unduh aplikasinya, kemudian ekstrak filenya dan bisa langsung digunakan.<br />
Bagi yang ingin mengunduh aplikasi ini bisa klik link download di bawah ini. Semoga bermanfaat.</div>
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<a href="http://adf.ly/2uG7e">link download ada di sini</a><br />
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cikgufisika.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18366912494098516121noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7593195616626534488.post-85367575489889489732013-01-29T06:59:00.000-08:002018-11-06T21:32:52.051-08:00CONTOH APLIKASI BEL SEKOLAH<div class="post-body entry-content">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnCu2ebou9R4Hv5UHcJdtw1GlQbvBECanqek52HRfFNHLofw-G3-IeTlEDIUtkgpYAor1-pQ-4ax8UbYpojv7EmOZr8lTpfhBAnzPH4TilYZEhmo6T6IMcBCOJGqhVdnjn3uT6G7nn-Cfw/s1600/3719058-school-bell-ringing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnCu2ebou9R4Hv5UHcJdtw1GlQbvBECanqek52HRfFNHLofw-G3-IeTlEDIUtkgpYAor1-pQ-4ax8UbYpojv7EmOZr8lTpfhBAnzPH4TilYZEhmo6T6IMcBCOJGqhVdnjn3uT6G7nn-Cfw/s200/3719058-school-bell-ringing.jpg" width="190" /></a></div>
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Beberapa waktu yang lalu saya mendapatkan informasi mengenai aplikasi yang berguna bagi sekolah. Aplikasi tersebut adalah bel sekolah yang dijalankan menggunakan komputer. Kita bisa menggunakan aplikasi yang bernama School Bell versi 7.1. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi School Bell kita tidak perlu repot-repot untuk membunyikan bel dengan manual. Yang lebih parah, kalau petugas bel sekolah lupa jadwal untuk membunyikan bel, malah jadi repot dunk...hehe</div>
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Aplikasi ini cukup kecil, sehingga tidak membebani memori komputer. Selain itu juga tidak memerlukan spesifikasi khusus sehingga tidak usah membebani anggaran sekolah. Baiklah kawan, bagi Anda yang tertarik dengan aplikasi School Bell bisa mengunduh melalui tautan download di bawah ini :<br />
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<a href="http://adf.ly/FXMHR" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://i204.photobucket.com/albums/bb112/kangsubi/webku/download-now.gif"></a></div>
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cikgufisika.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18366912494098516121noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7593195616626534488.post-61900164039174032642013-01-29T06:52:00.001-08:002013-01-29T06:52:29.129-08:00GERAK VERTIKAL BAWAH<div class="post-header">
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<span class="medium_text" id="result_box"><span style="background-color: white;" title="Two balls falling near the Earth's surface under the influence of gravity.">berikut ini adalah animasi mekanika tentang dua bola jatuh di dekat permukaan bumi di bawah pengaruh gravitasi. </span><span style="background-color: white;" title="The initial horizontal speed of one of the balls may be varied">Kecepatan horisontal awal dari salah satu bola mungkin bervariasi</span></span>.<br />
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Anda dapat melakukan variasi kecepatan awal. Kemudian bisa diamati peristiwa dua benda yang jatuh dalam pengaruh gravitasi bumi.</div>
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cikgufisika.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18366912494098516121noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7593195616626534488.post-32258523638360855762013-01-29T06:46:00.002-08:002013-01-29T06:46:33.802-08:00BESARAN PANJANG DAN ALAT UKUR<div class="post-body entry-content">
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<span style="font-family: ";"><span lang="SV"></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:formulas> <v:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"> <o:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" spid="_x0000_s1029" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="GB 1-meter standar" style="'position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;"> <v:imagedata src="Mengukur%20%20Besaran%20Pokok%20PANJANG_files/image001.jpg" title="GB 1-meter standar" gain="5" blacklevel="-13107f"> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDF7U5eWhTDnKmnjg_8mzUJ13LVHYaSqW2vBGTHbr4qscQyZYDymJAhF7XYiUoyHZo2o__ssO-hjXDDd-4Su39lCIGc6M9fnCr1baSH0UXhFMHP40Pgr_21WQdNUjoXNoIpMs1dVl4AjsM/s1600-h/image002.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438046035408243250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDF7U5eWhTDnKmnjg_8mzUJ13LVHYaSqW2vBGTHbr4qscQyZYDymJAhF7XYiUoyHZo2o__ssO-hjXDDd-4Su39lCIGc6M9fnCr1baSH0UXhFMHP40Pgr_21WQdNUjoXNoIpMs1dVl4AjsM/s320/image002.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 139px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 216px;" /></a><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">Sebelum tahun 1960, 1 meter standar ditetapkan dengan menggunakan b</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">atang platina iridium yang panjangnya sama dengan 1/10 juta x ¼ panjang lingkaran bumi, yang disimpan di Sevres, dekat Paris. Mulai </span><span style="font-family: ";">tahun</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";"> 1960, didefinisikan 1 meter = 1.650.763,73 kali panjang gelombang cahaya gas krypton 86 yang berwarna jingga. Dan mulai tahun 1983, ditetapkan bahwa 1 meter = jarak yang ditempuh cahaya dalm ruang hampa (vakum) selama 1/299.792.458 sekon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: ";">Satuan</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";"> satuan panjang y</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">ang lain menggunakan sistem Inggris dan sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan banyak digunakan di negara-negara barat, misalnya :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">-Inci ; satuan ini biasa digunakan untuk ukuran layar TV, layar komputer.</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">1 inci = 2,54 cm</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">- Kaki ( foot) ; satuan ini biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan ketinggian pesawat terbang, ketinggian pun</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: ";">cak gunung. 1 kaki = 12 inci = 30,48 cm</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: ";">- Yard ; satuan ini biasa</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: ";"> digunakan untuk menyatakan panjang benang, panjang kain. 1 yard = 3 kaki = 91,44 cm</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: ";">- Mil ; satuan ini biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan jarak laut. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">1 mil = 1,6093 km = 1609,3 m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">Untuk mengukur panjang suatu benda dapat digunakan alat-alat ukur, antara lain:</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">mistar/ penggaris : untuk mengukur panjang suatu benda.</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3OIBwGdTseXo5Nhf1svnndfJ3hsphmPaLnA_ujDFXZ5HQTfUqQyZX-U55dsEiuBjj9ucnPzJ3eIPiftki_XrmY3f_6MDJtXQIzNHeYH9alaLMKqD8CfT6cevDxVCmB_-Hh4YcHRrEFGyw/s1600-h/image004.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438064193871404130" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3OIBwGdTseXo5Nhf1svnndfJ3hsphmPaLnA_ujDFXZ5HQTfUqQyZX-U55dsEiuBjj9ucnPzJ3eIPiftki_XrmY3f_6MDJtXQIzNHeYH9alaLMKqD8CfT6cevDxVCmB_-Hh4YcHRrEFGyw/s320/image004.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 76px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 228px;" /></a></span>Mistar mempunyai ketelitian 1 mm. Nilai ketelitian adalah nilai terkecil yang dapat diamati</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: ";">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">Rol meter/ meteran kelos<b> : </b>alat ini biasa digunakan oleh tukang bangunan untuk m</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">engukur panjang kayu,bangunan, danlai- lain. </span><span style="font-family: ";">Alat ini mempunyai ketelitian 1mm.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: ";"><span lang="SV"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoCLEJHGBfhYKyOy78X46fDnzlDs8Fikp8K6LcG4mpodnyAVVCjgL9kAJPD8VM-a56Obm6hgTZ89KC-0EVwHoHM85qhTGsQFKfsSjFUD_-J2_pqbMrHsWUtwDBHIrLzy1PmYzUkaC20Vau/s1600-h/image006.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438049079045833154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoCLEJHGBfhYKyOy78X46fDnzlDs8Fikp8K6LcG4mpodnyAVVCjgL9kAJPD8VM-a56Obm6hgTZ89KC-0EVwHoHM85qhTGsQFKfsSjFUD_-J2_pqbMrHsWUtwDBHIrLzy1PmYzUkaC20Vau/s320/image006.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 83px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 89px;" /></a></span></span></h2>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">Jangka sorong : untuk mengukur diameter pipa, silinder atau kedalaman botol.</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz0zUaf7ydl_V2PF19c-VR2xa2LiR_E4Goiv2p2QQ01zfv4ZnNQNg5XIJrq34XZxRnYcl_L_CKLVVGQNLgonKnoCvr5ksg9UiT-OJbc3iqYKafASOYzhwgp4YzWc4haBYt58yzogaBB0qq/s1600-h/image007.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438049823106775314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz0zUaf7ydl_V2PF19c-VR2xa2LiR_E4Goiv2p2QQ01zfv4ZnNQNg5XIJrq34XZxRnYcl_L_CKLVVGQNLgonKnoCvr5ksg9UiT-OJbc3iqYKafASOYzhwgp4YzWc4haBYt58yzogaBB0qq/s320/image007.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 91px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 139px;" /></a></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: ";">Alat ini ada yang mempunyai tingkat ketelitian 0, 05 mm, dan</span><span style="font-family: ";"> ada yang tingkat ketelitiannya 0,1 mm.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: ";">Mikrometer sekrup : alat yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur ketebalan benda mulai dari 0,01 mm sampai dengan batas ukur terbesar 2,54 mm (1 inci).</span></div>
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cikgufisika.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18366912494098516121noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7593195616626534488.post-50455037100497176972013-01-25T07:52:00.003-08:002013-01-27T19:15:23.883-08:00GERAK LURUS<h3 class="post-title entry-title">
animasi: Gerak Lurus
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Animasi kinematika dimensi satu dengan percepatan tetap. Menampilkan grafik hubungan antara percepatan dan kecepatan, serta menunjukkan hubungan antara posisi dan kecepatan<br />
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<embed align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" height="375" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" quality="high" src="http://faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/Flash/ClassMechanics/ConstantAccel/ConstantAccel.swf" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="450"></embed><br />
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Jika berminat mendownload animasi bisa mengkonfirmasi saya.<br />
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cikgufisika.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18366912494098516121noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7593195616626534488.post-80624010050857125512013-01-25T07:41:00.001-08:002013-01-27T19:17:08.927-08:00HUKUM COULOMB<h3 class="post-title entry-title">
Animasi: Hukum Coulomb
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Animasi berikut ini menjelaskan eksperimen yang dilakukan oleh Coulomb. Dalam animasi tampak adanya interaksi antara dua benda yang bermuatan listrik.<br />
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Semoga animasi di atas berguna bagi pembelajaran Fisika.<br />
<a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=CZ9YR5JU">download</a> animasi !
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cikgufisika.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18366912494098516121noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7593195616626534488.post-89715664968491393322013-01-25T06:53:00.005-08:002013-01-27T08:18:22.019-08:00Pendulum<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7593195616626534488" name="3329699852307520417"></a>
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animasi: Pendulum Foucault
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<b>Bandul</b> atau <b>pendulum Foucault</b> ialah suatu alat yang berguna untuk menunjukkan arah rotasi Bumi. Alat ini ditemukan oleh <span class="new">Jean Bernard Léon Foucaul</span><img alt="" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Foucault_pendulum_animated.gif" style="cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 240px; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; width: 180px;" /></div>
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Alat eksperimen ini terdiri atas bandul panjang yang berbas bergerak kesana kemari pada latar vertikal. Baik di Kutub Utara maupun Selatan, latar osilasi bandul tetap terpasang dengan memandang pada <span class="new">bintang tetap</span> ketika Bumi berotasi di bawahnya, memerlukan waktu sehari untuk menyelesaikan rotasi. Ketika bandul Foucault digantungkan di khatulistiwa, latar osilasi tetap terfiksasi secara relatif ke Bumi. Pada garis lintang lain, latar osilasi mempresesi Bumi secara relatif, namun lebih lambat daripada di kutub.</div>
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<embed align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" height="375" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" quality="high" src="http://faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/Flash/ClassMechanics/FoucaultSimple/FoucaultSimple.swf" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="450"></embed></div>
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<span class="long_text" id="result_box"><span title="">Simulasi di atas merupakan sebuah animasi sederhana melihat Pendulum Foulcault di Kutub Utara dari sebuah kerangka inersia di atas bumi. </span></span>Pertunjukan pertama bandul Foucault kepada khayalak terjadi pada bulan Februari 1851 di Ruang Meridian yang ada di <span class="new">Observatorium Paris</span>. Beberapa minggu kemudian, <span class="new">Léon Foucault</span> membuat bandul terkenalnya ketika ia menggantung potongan rambut seberat 28 kg dengan kabel sepanjang 67 meter dari kubah <span class="new">Panthéon</span> di Paris.</div>
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cikgufisika.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18366912494098516121noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7593195616626534488.post-76891579616878778272013-01-25T05:20:00.003-08:002013-01-25T18:12:53.572-08:00PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA SMA (BERKARAKTER)PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA SMA (BERKARAKTER)
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjssLnwl2HNU39S5nZsgQBqsZmKsGJiBuw5Vgp-jFD4o6Wf6n-lptFA3HDlHVsonT_aTR-uqTcivFUiTSLmsytnahK0FJaawa0wQpx62KQ0cQ-O9rrfU2JwixZQ4s96YTxUH6K7bKdux8iT/s1600/rpp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="169" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjssLnwl2HNU39S5nZsgQBqsZmKsGJiBuw5Vgp-jFD4o6Wf6n-lptFA3HDlHVsonT_aTR-uqTcivFUiTSLmsytnahK0FJaawa0wQpx62KQ0cQ-O9rrfU2JwixZQ4s96YTxUH6K7bKdux8iT/s200/rpp.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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Sebentar lagi akan segera diberlakukan kurikulum 2013 yang menggantikan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP). Telah disampaikan oleh Mendikbud bahwa silabus nanti akan ditentukan oleh pemerintah. Namun tidak ada salahnya pada kesempatan kali ini saya akan berbagi perangkat pembelajaran Fisika SMA yang telah mencakup pendidikan berkarakter di dalamnya. Perangkat pembelajaran Fisika ini masih mengacu pada KTSP, walaupun demikian semoga dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan referensi Bapak/Ibu Guru dalam mempersiapkan berlakunya kurikulum 2013 ke depan</div>
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Ok Sobat <a href="http://fisika-edu.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">fisika-edu</a> bagi yang ingin Download Perangkat Pembelajaran Fisika SMA - Berkarakter ini silahkan di Download di link berikut ini :</div>
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<span style="color: red;">PERHATIAN!</span><br />
Anda akan diarahkan ke adfoc.us kemudian tunggu 5 detik dan cari tombol SKIP yang berada di sebelah kanan atas monitor anda.</div>
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FISIKA</center>
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SEMESTER 1</center>
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SEMESTER 2</center>
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<th scope="row" style="text-align: center;">Kelas XII</th>
<td><div align="center">
<a href="http://adfoc.us/1197071" target="_blank">Silabus</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708218" target="_blank">Program Tahunan</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708297" target="_blank">Program Semester</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708338" target="_blank">RPP</a></div>
</td>
<td><div align="center">
<a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708339" target="_blank">Silabus</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708396" target="_blank">Program Tahunan</a> | <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708397" target="_blank">Program Semester</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708398" target="_blank">RPP</a></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: center;">Kelas XI</th>
<td><div align="center">
<a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708399" target="_blank">Silabus</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708451" target="_blank">Program Tahunan</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708452" target="_blank">Program Semester</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708453" target="_blank">RPP</a></div>
</td>
<td><div align="center">
<a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708454" target="_blank">Silabus</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708493" target="_blank">Program Tahunan</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708494" target="_blank">Program Semester</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708495" target="_blank">RPP</a></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: center;">Kelas X</th>
<td><div align="center">
<a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708496" target="_blank">Silabus</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708587" target="_blank">Program Tahunan</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708588" target="_blank">Program Semester</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708589" target="_blank">RPP</a></div>
</td>
<td><div align="center">
<a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708593" target="_blank">Silabus</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708590" target="_blank">Program Tahunan</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708591" target="_blank">Program Semester</a> || <a href="http://adfoc.us/11970717708592" target="_blank">RPP</a></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
Semoga bermanfaat ...</div>
cikgufisika.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18366912494098516121noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7593195616626534488.post-85577330788342540822013-01-20T18:30:00.001-08:002018-11-09T23:01:16.811-08:00MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN YANG MENGASYIKKAN<div style="text-align: justify;">
Anda guru sains (fisika, kimia, biologi, geograpi),
guru matematika, dan guru yang ada kaitannya dengan sains tetapi belum
pernah menggunakan simulasi interaktif dari <a href="http://phet.colorado.edu/in" target="_blank" title="Ini link berbahasa Indonesia">PhET</a> ini? Rugi banget! Kecuali sudah bisa membuat sendiri dan jauh lebih bagus <img alt=":)" class="wp-smiley" src="http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif?m=1129645325g" /> <a href="http://phet.colorado.edu/in" target="_blank" title="Ini link berbahasa Indonesia">PhET</a> ini sangat mengasyikkan, interaktif, simulasi fenomena fisis <a href="http://phet.colorado.edu/in/research">berbasis-riset</a>
dari Proyek PhET di University of Colorado. Ini adalah referensi wajib
saya ketika mengajar kimia. Tidak harus selalu on line kalau
menggunakannya. Bisa di unduh dahulu agar tidak perlu on line lagi dan
bisa digunakan lagi nanti.<br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span id="more-6231"></span>Karena saya mengajar FISIKA maka semua <b><a href="http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/chemistry/general" target="_blank">simulasi interaktif fisika</a></b> saya sedot habis <img alt=":)" class="wp-smiley" src="http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif?m=1129645325g" />
. Beberapa simulasi interaktif ini sudah tersedia antar muka Bahasa
Indonesia, jadi kita tinggal unduh dan memanfatkannya di kelas. Jika
siswa Anda berlimpah bandwidth internet tinggal sarankan untuk
menjelajahnya sendiri. Namun jika siswa tidak punya akses internet kita
(guru) bisa mengunduh semua yang terkait dengan pembelajaran kita
kemudian membagi ke pada siswa tersebut. Beberapa tugas pun bisa kita
berikan kepada siswa dengan terbimbing untuk melakukan eksperimen secara
virtual.</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_6235" style="width: 649px;">
<a href="http://urip.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/phet.jpg"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-6235" src="http://urip.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/phet.jpg?w=625" title="phet" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text">
Screenshoot web PhET</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Dengan kemampuan membuat media
pembelajaran yang payah seperti saya ini, kita semua bisa kok
memanfaatkan yang sudah ada atau memodifikasinya untuk digunakan dalam
proses belajar mengajar bersama siswa.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Mari manfaatkan internet untuk
pembelajaran, banyak sumber pembelajaran yang bisa dioptimalkan untuk
pembelajaran tanpa harus membuat sendiri, atau beli, cukup tersedia
akses internet yang memadai saja. Kalaupun tidak juga di sekolah atau di
rumah tidak tersedia akses internet kita masih punya senjata ampuh
yaitu flash disk. Tinggal kopi kepada teman yang sudah punya saja <img alt=":)" class="wp-smiley" src="http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif?m=1129645325g" /> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Agar tidak perlu online setiap ingin menggunakan animasi dari PhET maka silahkan unduh versi offline-nya dari tautan berikut:</div>
<a href="http://phet.colorado.edu/installer/PhET-Installer_windows.exe" target="_blank"><b>DOWNLOAD DI SINI PHET</b></a>
cikgufisika.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18366912494098516121noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7593195616626534488.post-37549146814708247152013-01-17T17:55:00.003-08:002013-01-25T18:20:46.505-08:00PRESENTASI MULTIPLE INTELEGENCE<a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/Uu6au3te/presentasi.html" target="_blank"><b>DOWNLOAD DI SINI</b></a>cikgufisika.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18366912494098516121noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7593195616626534488.post-16965109601978156432013-01-17T06:01:00.001-08:002013-01-27T21:00:24.142-08:00DAFTAR PUSTAKA OTOMATISBagi siswa ,mahasiswa atau juga penulis yang lagi bikin skripsi, tesis atau buku , kadang kala sulit bagi kita untuk konsisten dalam penulisan daftar pustaka, nah didalam Microsoft Word 2007 sebetulnya sudah tersedia fasilitas agar memudahkan kita menuliskan daftar pustaka secara cepat. mau tahu? cekidot…<br />
<br />
Langkah 1<br />
Buka MS Word 2007 lalu pilih References<br />
<br />
Langkah 2<br />
Klik Insert Citation lalu add New Source<br />
Langkah 3<br />
Pilihlah sumber referensi baik buku , jurnal, artikel dll lalu isilah keterangan dibawahnya. lalu klik OK<br />
<br />
Langkah 4<br />
Setelah itu akan muncul nama pengarang beserta tahun pembuatannya. kemudian klik Bibliografi<br />
<br />
Pilihlah pilihan pertama<br />
<br />
Setelah di klik bibliografi maka akan muncul format penulisan pengarang sumber (daftar pustaka) sesuai dengan kaidah penulisan standar internasional<br />
Hilangkan nama pengarang yang terdahulu diatas lalu gantilah kata Bibliografi dengan Daftar Pustaka, lalu tambahkan pengarang lain sebagai Latihan<br />
Demikian tips cara cepat membuat daftar pustaka, yang penting ane dah setoran ngeblog hari …mudah2an berguna<br />
thanks sebelumnya utk Prof DR Gaguk Margono MEd atas idenya<br />
<br />cikgufisika.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18366912494098516121noreply@blogger.com0